APPENDIX I
GLOSSARY
AGGREGATECrushed rock or gravel screened to
size for use in road surfaces, concrete, or bitumi-
nous mixes.
AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETEConcrete con-
taining millions of trapped air bubbles.
AUGERA boring bit.
BATCHThe amount of concrete mixed at one time
regardless of quantity.
BATTER BOARDSTwo boards nailed at right
angles to posts set up near the proposed corner of
an excavation for a building and used for
transferring building lines.
BOX NAILSLightweight nails with large heads.
BRADA slender nail with a small head.
BRICKSolid blocks of fine clay.
BUTTERINGPutting mortar on a brick or block
with a trowel before laying.
CARRIAGE BOLTA partially threaded bolt with
a head that is flat on the underside and rounded on
top.
CASING NAILSTwopenny (2d) to fortypenny
(40d) nails with flaring heads.
CEMENTFuzed and pulverized limestone and
clay.
COMMON BONDFive stretcher courses with the
sixth as an all header course.
COMMON NAILSTwopenny (2d) to sixtypenny
(60d) strong nails.
CONCRETE BUGGYTwo-wheeled buggy for
transporting concrete, nicknamed Georgia
Buggy.
CONCRETEArtificial stone made of cement,
water, sand, and aggregate.
CONSTRUCTION JOINTA joint that runs
through concrete. Made by pouring sections of a
structure at different times.
COURSEA single layer of bricks, stone, or other
masonry.
CURINGThe process of keeping concrete damp
and at favorable temperatures to ensure complete
hardening.
EXPANSION JOINTConstruction joint with
expandable material at the contact points.
FINISHING NAILSTwopenny (2d) to twenty-
penny (20d) sizes with small barrel-shaped heads.
FOOTINGAn enlargement at the lower end of a
wall to distribute the load to a wider area of
supporting soil.
GIN POLEAn upright guy pole with hoisting
tackle and foot-mounted snatch block used for
vertical lifts.
GIRDERA supporting beam laid crosswise of the
building; a long truss.
GIRTA horizontal brace used on outside walls
covered with vertical siding.
GROUTA mixture of sand, cement, and water that
can be poured.
GUNITEA patent name for spray concrete.
HONEYCOMBINGSections of weak, porous
concrete.
JOISTA member that makes up the body of the
floor and ceiling frames.
LAG SCREWA screw with a wrench head and
wood screw threads.
LEADSPoints at which block and brick are laid up
a few courses and used as guides.
LINEStrands of natural or synthetic fiber twisted
together, sometimes referred to as rope.
MONOLITHIC POURConcrete cast in a single
pour.
MORTARSand, water, and cementing material in
proper proportions.
MOUSINGTurns of cordage around the opening of
a block hook.
PERLITELightweight concrete aggregate.
AI-1