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Application Procedures
Recommended Reading List - 14044_127

Builder 3&2 Volume 02 - Construction manual for building structures
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3. Nail a full-width (32-inch) strip over the first strip, using the same nailing schedule. 4. Nail the next full-width strip with the outer edge 14 inches from the outer edges of the first two strips to obtain a 2-inch overlap over the edge of the  first  strip  laid.  Continue  laying  full-width strips with the same exposure (14 inches) until the opposite edge of the roof is reached. Finish off  with  a  half-strip  along  this  edge.  This completes the two-ply dry nailer. 5. Start the three-ply hot with one-third of a strip, covered by two-thirds of a strip, and then by a full strip, as shown. To obtain a 2-inch overlap of the outer edge of the second full strip over the inner  edge  of  the  first  strip  laid,  you  must position the outer edge of the second full strip 8 2/3 inches from the outer edges of the first three strips. To maintain the same overlap, lay the outer edge of the third full strip 10 1/3 inches from the outer edge of the second full strip. Subsequent strips can be laid with an exposure of  10  inches.  Finish  off  at  the  opposite  edge  of the roof with a full strip, two-thirds of a strip, and one-third of a strip to maintain three plies throughout. 6. Spread a layer of hot asphalt (the flood coat) over the entire roof. 7. Sprinkle a layer of gravel, crushed stone, or slag over the entire roof. Melt  the  binder  and  maintain  it  at  the  proper temperature  in  a  pressure  fuel  kettle.  Make  sure  the kettle  is  suitably  located.  Position  it  broadside  to  the wind, if possible. The kettle must be set up and kept level. If it is not level, it will heat unevenly, creating a hazard. The first duty of the kettle operator is to inspect the kettle, especially to ensure that it is perfectly dry. Any accumulation of water inside will turn to steam when the kettle gets hot. This can cause the hot binder to bubble over, which creates a serious fire hazard. Detailed procedure for lighting off, operating, servicing, and maintaining the kettle is given in the manufacturer’s manual. Never operate the kettle unattended, while the trailer is in transit, or in a confined area. The kettle operator must maintain the binder at a steady  temperature,  as  indicated  by  the  temperature gauge on the kettle. Correct temperature is designated in binder manufacturer’s specifications. For asphalt, it is  about  400°F.  The  best  way  to  keep  an  even temperature is to add material at the same rate as melted material is tapped off. Pieces must not be thrown into the melted mass, but placedon the surface, pushed under slowly, and then released. If the material is not being steadily  tapped  off,  it  may  eventually  overheat,  even with the burner flame at the lowest possible level. In that case, the burner should be withdrawn from the kettle and placed  on  the  ground  to  be  reinserted  when  the temperature   falls.   Prolonged   overheating   causes flashing and impairs the quality of the binder. Asphalt or pitch must not be allowed to accumulate on the exterior of the kettle because it creates a fire hazard.   If   the   kettle   catches   fire,   close   the   lid immediately, shut off the pressure and burner valves, and, if possible, remove the burner from the kettle. Never attempt to extinguish a kettle fire with water. Use sand, dirt, or a chemical fire extinguisher. A hot rooting crew consists of a mopper and as many felt layers, broomers, nailers, and carriers as the size of the roof requires. The mopper is in charge of the roofing crew. It is the mopper’s personal responsibility to mop on only binder that is at the proper temperature. Binder that is too hot will burn the felt, and the layer it makes will be too thin. A layer that is too thin will eventually crack and the felt may separate from the binder. Binder that is too cold goes on too thick so more material is used than is required. The felt layer must get the felt down as soon as possible after the binder has been placed. If the interval between mopping and felt laying is too long, the binder will cool to the point where it will not bond well with the felt. The felt layer should follow the mopper at an interval  of  not  more  than  3  feet.  The  broomer  should follow immediately behind the felt layer, brooming out all air bubbles and embedding the felt solidly in the binder. Buckets of hot binder should never be filled more than three-fourths full, and they should never be carried any faster than a walk. Whenever possible, the mopper should work downwind from the felt layer and broomer to  reduce  the  danger  of  spattering.  The  mopper  must take every precaution against spattering at all times. The mopper should lift the mop out of the bucket, not drag it across the rim. Dragging the mop over the rim may upset the bucket, and the hot binder may quickly spread to the feet, or worse still to the knees, of nearby members of the roofing crew. 3-28







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