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Double-Hung Windows
Glass

Builder 3&2 Volume 02 - Construction manual for building structures
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Figure 4-25.-Out-swinging casement sash. Sash may be divided into a number of lights (glass panes  or  panels)  by  small  wood  members  called muntins.  Some  manufacturers  provide  preassembled dividers,  which  snap  in  place  over  a  single  light, dividing  it  into  six  or  eight  lights.  This  simplifies painting and other maintenance. Assembled frames are placed in the rough opening over strips of building paper put around the perimeter to minimize air infiltration. The frame is plumbed and nailed to side studs and header through the casings or the  blind  stops  at  the  sides.  Where  nails  are  exposed, such as on the casing, use the corrosion-resistant type. Hardware  for  double-hung  windows  includes  the sash lifts that are fastened to the bottom rail. These are sometimes  eliminated  by  providing  a  finger  groove  in the  rail.  Other  hardware  consists  of  sash  lockss  or fasteners located at the meeting rail. They lock the window  and  draw  the  sash  together  to  provide  a wind-tight  fit. Double-hung windows can be arranged in a number of ways—as a single unit, doubled (or mullion), or in groups  or  three  or  more.  One  or  two  double-hung windows on each side of a large stationary insulated window  are  often  used  to  create  a  window  wall.  Such large  openings  must  be  framed  with  headers  large enough to carry roof loads. CASEMENT WINDOWS Casement windows consist of side-hinged sash, usually  designed  to  swing  outward  (fig.  4-25).  This  type can  be  made  more  weathertight  than  the  in-swinging style. Screens are located inside these out-swinging windows, and winter protection is obtained with a storm sash or by using insulated glass in the sash. One advan- tage of the casement window over the double-hung type is  that  the  entire  window  area  can  be  opened  for ventilation. Weather stripping is also provided for this type of window, and units are usually received from the factory entirely assembled with hardware in place. Closing hardware consists of a rotary operator and sash lock. As in the double-hung units, casement sash can be used in a number of ways—as a pair or in combinations of two or more pairs. Style variations are achieved by divided lights.  Snap-in  muntins  provide  a  small,  multiple-pane appearance  for  traditional  styling. Metal sash is sometimes used but, because of low- insulating value, should be installed carefully to prevent condensation and frosting on the interior surfaces during cold  weather.  A  full  storm-window  unit  is  sometimes necessary  to  eliminate  this  problem  in  cold  climates. 4-18







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