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Figure  1-67.Constructing  a  typical  ceiling  frame.
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Builder 3&2 Volume 02 - Construction manual for building structures
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Layout Figure 1-68.—Backing for nailing joists to ceiling frame. Ceiling joists should be placed directly above the studs when the spacing between the joists is the same as between the studs. This arrangement makes it easier to install pipes, flues, or ducts running up the wall and through the roof. However, for buildings with walls having double top plates, most building codes do not require ceiling joists to line up with the studs below. If the joists are being placed directly above the studs, they follow the same layout as the studs below (fig.  1-66,  view  A).  If  the  joist  layout  is  different  from that of the studs below (for example, if joists are laid out 24 inches OC over a 16 inch OC stud layout), mark the first joist at 23 1/4 inches and then at every 24 inches OC (fig. 1-66, view B). It is a good practice to mark the positions of the roof rafters at the time the ceiling joists are being laid out. If the spacing between the ceiling joists is the same as between  the  roof  railers,  there  will  be  a  rafter  next  to every joist. Often, the joists are laid out 16 inches OC and the roof rafters 24 inches OC. Therefore, every other rafter can be placed next to a ceiling joist. FRAME All the joists for the ceiling frame should be cut to length before they are placed on top of the walls. On structures  with  pitched-roofs, joists should also be trimmed the outside ends of the for the roof slope. This angle must be cut on the crown (top) side of the joist. The  prepared  joists  can  then  be  handed  up  to  the Builders working on top of the walls. The joists are spread in a flat position along the walls, close to where the y will be nailed. Figure 1-67 shows one procedure for constructing the ceiling frame. In this example, the joists lap over an interior partition. Refer to the figure as you 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. study the following steps: Measure and mark for the ceiling joists. Install  the  ceiling  joists  on  one  side  of  the building. Install the ceiling joists on the opposite side of the building. Place backing on walls running parallel to the joists. Install  2  by  4  blocks  flat  between  joists  where needed to fasten the tops of inside walls running parallel to the joists. Cut and frame the attic scuttle. Place strongbacks at the center of the spans. Fastening  Walls The tops of walls running in the same direction as the ceiling joists must be securely fastened to the ceiling frame. The method most often used is shown in figure 1-68. Blocks, 2 inches by 4 inches, spaced 32 inches OC, are laid flat over the top of the partition. The ends of 1-39







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