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Ceramic Tile
Organic  Adhesives

Builder 3&2 Volume 02 - Construction manual for building structures
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Figure  7-22.—Tile  edges. Figure  7-23.—Trimmer  shapes. fig. 7-22). The lugs assure easy setting and uniform joints. The edges available vary with the size of the tile and the manufacturer. Margins, comers, and base lines are finished with trimmers of various shapes (fig. 7-23). A complete line of shaped ceramic trim is available from manufacturers. Other accessories include towel bars, shelf supports, paper holders, grab rails, soap holders, tumbler holders, and combination toothbrush and tumbler holders, to list a few of the more popular units. MORTARS AND ADHESIVES The resistance of ceramic tile to traffic depends primarily on base and bonding material rigidity, grout strength,  hardness,  and  the  accurate  leveling  and smoothness of the individual tiles in the installation. The four basic installation methods are cement mortar (the only  thick  bed  method),  dry-set  mortar,  epoxy  mortar, and organic adhesives (mastic). Cement Mortar Cement mortar for setting ceramic tiles is composed of a mixture of portland cement and sand. The mix proportions  for  floors  may  vary  from  1:3  to  1:6  by volume.  For  walls,  a  portland  cement,  sand,  and hydrated lime mix may vary from 1:3:1 to 1:5 1/2:1. These  proportion  ratios  are  dictated  by  the  project specifications. The mortar is placed on the surface 3/4 to 1 inch thick on walls and 3/4 inch to 1 1/4 inches thick on floors. A neat cement bond coat is applied over it while the cement mortar is fresh and plastic. After soaking in water for at least 30 minutes, the tiles are installed over the neat cement bond coat. This type of installation, with its thick mortar bed, permits wall and floor surfaces to be sloped. This installation provides a bond strength of 100 to 200 pounds per square inch. A waterproof backing is sometimes required, and the mortar  must  be  damp-cured. Dry-Set Mortar Dry-set mortar is a thin-bed mortar of premixed portland cement, sand, and admixtures that control the setting (hardening) time of the mortar. It may be used over  concrete,  block,  brick,  cellular  foamed  glass, gypsum wallboard, and unpainted dry cement plaster, as well  as  other  surfaces.  A  sealer  coat  is  often  required when the base is gypsum plaster. It is not recommended for use over wood or wood products. Dry-set mortar can be applied in one layer 3/32 inch thick, and it provides a bond strength of 500 pounds per square inch. This method has excellent water and impact resistance and may be used on exteriors. The tiles do not have to be presoaked, but the mortar must be damp-cured. Epoxy Mortar Epoxy mortar can be applied in a bed as thin as 1/8 inch. When the epoxy resin and hardener are mixed on the job, the resulting mixture hardens into an extremely strong,  dense  setting  bed.  Pot  life,  once  the  parts  are mixed, is about 1 hour if the temperature is 82°F or higher. This mortar has excellent resistance to the 7-20







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