A baffle-type separator is illustrated in figure 11-15. In this unit the air is subjected to a series of sudden changes in direction that result in the heavier moisture particles striking the baffles and walls, then draining to the bottom.

Dryers

Some compressed air supplies require dryers that ensure removal of all moisture that might otherwise condense in air lines, air-powered tools, or pneumatic instruments. Small amounts of moisture can cause damage to equipment from corrosion, freezing, and water hammer and can result in malfunctions of instruments and controls. The cost of dryers is often justified by the reduction in maintenance costs, production time lost in blowing down piping, and compressed air lost during blowdown.

There are three basic designs of dryers: two absorption types and a condensation type. One type of absorption unit consists of two towers, each containing an absorbent material. Reactivation is accomplished by means of electric or steam heaters embedded in the absorbent or by passing dried-process air through it.

Another type of absorption unit consists of a single tank or tower containing a desiccant (drying agent) that dissolves as it absorbs moisture from the air and drains from the unit with the condensate. The drying agent must be replenished periodically.

The third type removes moisture from the air by condensation through the use of a mechanical refrigeration unit, or where available, cold water. Inlet air passes over cold coils where moisture is condensed out of the air and is drained from the unit by a trap. This process is illustrated in figure 11-16.

Receivers

Air receiver tanks in compressed air plants act as surge tanks to smooth the flow of air from the action of the compressor to discharge; they collect excessive moisture that may condense from the cooled air and provide a volume of air necessary to operate the pressure control system. A typical air receiver is shown in figure 11-17. Related components include a relief valve, pressure gauge, drain valve, service valve, and inspection opening.

Figure 11-17. - Air receiver.

Lubrication

Compressors must receive adequate lubrication using clean oil of characteristics recommended by the compressor manufacturer. The manufacturer will usually specify oil requirements