Construction Mechanic Basic Volume 02 - Construction methods and practices
Chapter 1 Basic Automotive Electricity
Composition Of Electricity
Electric Current
Semiconductors
Figure 1-7.Hole Movement Theory.
Diodes
Figure 1-10.Transistor Configurations.
Figure 1-11.Transistor Operation.
Electric Measurements
Circuit Configurations
Series Circuits
Magnetism
Electromagnetism
Figure 1-17.Effects Between Magnetic Poles.
Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 2 Automotive Electrical Circuits And Wiring
Charging Circuit
Battery Construction
Battery Terminals
Battery Capacity
Constant Voltage Charging
Battery Maintenance
Visual Inspection Of The Battery
Battery Test
Battery Voltage Test
Generators
Figure 2-12.Sectional View Of A Dc Generator
Regulation Of Generator Output
Generator Maintenance
Testing Field Coils
Armature Test
Alternators
Figure 2-22.Rotor Assembly
Alternator Operation
Alternator Output Control
Alternator Testing
Charging System Test
Charging System Output Test
Ground Circuit Resistance Test
Starting Circuit
Pinion Drive Assembly
Figure 2-39.Typical Overrunning Clutch.
Figure 2-41.Field Winding Configurations
Neutral Safety Switch
Starting Circuit Maintenance
Ignition Circuit
Ignition Circuit Components
Ignition Distributor
Spark Plug Heat Range And Reach
Contact Point Ignition System
Electronic Ignition System Components
Centrifugal Advance
Ignition System Maintenance
Inspecting Spark Plugs
Distributor Service
Figure 2-52.Contact Point Alignment
Ignition Timing
Lighting Circuit
Figure 2-55.Lamp Construction And Configurations
Headlights
Dimmer Switch
Aiming Headlights
Blackout Lights
Turn-Signal Systems
Stoplight System
Battery Condition Gauge
Fuel Gauge
Figure 2-76.No-Charge Indiutor Schematic
Pressure Gauge
Figure 2-80.Magnetic Fuel Gauge
Figure 2-82.Types Of Sending Units For Pressure Gauges
Electronic Speedometers And Tachometers
Windshield Wipers
Automotive Wiring
Wiring Identification
Wire Terminal Ends
Wire Support And Protection
Chapter 3 Hydraulic And Pneumatic Systems
Incompressibility And Expansion Of Liquids
Multiplication Of Forces
Volume And Distance Factors
Reservoir
Strainers And Filters
Control Valves
Figure 3-8.Herringbone Gear Pump.
Figure 3-9.Helical Gear Pump.
Figure 3-14.Nine-Piston Radial Piston Pump.
Figure 3-15.In-Line Axial Piston Pump.
Cylinders
Figure 3-22.Hydraulic Pressure Regulator.
Piston-Type Cylinder
Accumulators
Pneumatic Accumulators
Spring Loaded Accumulators
Motors
Flexible Hose
Connectors And Fittings
Flared-Tube Connectors
Flexible Hose Connectors
Sealing Materials And Devices
Sealing Materials
Hydraulic System Maintenance
Oil And Filter Changes
Figure 3-47.Replacing Low-Pressure Hose On A Reusable Fitting.
Preventing Overheating
Pneumatic Systems
Charles'S Law
Heavy-Duty Air Compressors
Figure 3-53.Compression Cycle In A Screw Compressor.
Air Compressor Maintenance
Air Cleaner Servicing
Contamination Control
Safety Precautions
Chapter 4 Automotive Clutches, Tranmissions And Transaxles
Figure 4-2.Double-Disc Clutch, Exploded View.
Clutch Contruction
Release Bearing
Coil Spring Pressure Plate
Clutch Operation
Clutch Start Switch
Clutch Troubleshooting
Slipping
Dragging
Clutch Overhaul
Figure 4-11.Pressure Plate Adjustment.
Manual Tranmissions
Figure 4-13.Transmission Input Shaft And Bearing.
Synchronizers
Transmission Types
Constant Mesh Transmission
Power Flow
First Gear
Auxiliary Transmissions
Transmission Troubleshooting
Transmission Troubleshooting - Continued
Transmission Overhaul
Transmission Overhaul - Continued
Transmission Service
Automatic Transmissions
Torque Converters
Figure 4-25.Torque Converter In Fluid Coupling Stage.
Figure 4-27.Stator Assembly.
Planetary Gearsets
Clutches And Bands
Overrunning Clutch
Brake Band
Figure 4-34.Brake Band Operation.
Pump
Manual Valve
Figure 4-38.Vacuum Modulator Valve.
Governor Valve
Shift Valves
Automatic Tranmission Service
Transaxles
Manual Transaxle
Automatic Transaxle - Continued
Chapter 5 Drive Lines, Differentials, Drive Axles, And Power Train Accessories
Drive Shafts
Cross And Roller Universal Joint
Constant Velocity Joints
Rzeppa Constant Velocity (Cv) Joint
Bendix-Weiss Constant Velocity (Cv) Joint
Center Support Bearings
Drive Shaft Noises
Universal Joint Reassembly
Constant Velocity Joint Service
Differentials
Final Drive
Double-Reduction Final Drive
Differential Action
Figure 5-15.Two Speed Final Drive.
Clutch Pack Limited Slip Differential
Figure 5-17.Clutch Pack Limited Slip Differential.
Differential Service And Maintenance
Differential Lubricant Service
Differential Measurements And Adjustments
Case Bearing Preload
Ring And Pinion Tooth Contact Pattern
Axle Housing
Rear Drive Axle
Front Drive Axle
Front-Wheel Drive (Axles)
Axle Seal Service
Transfer Cases
Figure 5-28.Cross-Section Of A Typical Conventional Transfer Case.
Figure 5-30.Transfer Case Power Flow.
Positive Traction Transfer Case
Power Takeoffs
Figure 5-34.Single-Speed, Single-Gear Power Takeoff.
Figure 5-35.Single-Speed, Single-Gear Power Takeoff Installation.
Chapter 6 Construction Equipment Power Trains
Figure 6-3.Forward Clutch Shaft.
Forward And Reverse Hydraulic Clutch Operation
Figure 6-7.Flow Of Oil Through The Clutch In Engaged Position.
Planetary Steering
Figure 6-10.Planetary Steering Systems.
Hydrostatic Drive Train
Figure 6-14.Pump And Motor Combinations For Hydrostatic Drives.
Hydrostatic Drive Operation
Reverse
Figure 6-16.Neutral Operation.
Maintenance Of Hydrostatic Drives
Track And Track Frames
Track Shoes
Track Frame
Track Guiding Guards
Maintenance Of Track And Track Frame Assemblies
Track Removal
Winches And Wire Rope
Figure 6-32.Winch Attachment On A Dozer.
Wire Rope
Grades Of Wire Rope
Characteristics Of Wire Rope
Measuring Wire Rope
Figure 6-41.Improper Handling.
Figure 6-46.Different Lays Of Wire Rope Winding On Hoisting Drums.
Fleet Angle
Wire Rope Maintenance
Wire Rope Attachments
Figure 6-55.Wire Rope Clips.
Figure 6-60.Chain Shackles.
Vehicle Stopping Distance
Hydraulic System
Figure 7-5.Dual Master Cylinder.
Wheel Cylinder
Figure 7-7.Wheel Cylinder Configurations.
Drum Brakes
Brake Shoes
Brake Springs
Brake Shoe Adjusters
Figure 7-13.Self-Adjusting Mechanisms.
Brake Shoe Energization
Figure 7-14.Self-Energizing And Servo Action.
Disc Brakes
Disc Brake Assembly
Sliding Caliper Type
Brake Warning Light Switch
Figure 7-21.Basic Antilock Brake System.
Vacuum Boosters
Figure 7-22.Vacuum Power Booster And Operation.
Vacuum Boosters - Continued
Parking Brakes
Figure 7-25.Hydraulic Power Booster Assembly.
Figure 7-27.Equalizer Linkage.
Brake System Inspection
Servicing The Master Cylinder
Servicing Wheel Cylinders
Figure 7-33.Removing Adjusting Screw Assembly.
Servicing Brake Drums
Disc Brake Pad Replacement
Measuring Disc Thickness
Pressure Bleeding
Air Brake System
Figure 7-39.Typical Air Brake System
Figure 7-41.Type O-1 Governor
Figure 7-42.Type D Governor
Air Tanks (Reservoirs)
Brake Valves
Treadle Valve
Quick-Release Valve
Relay Emergency Valve
Figure 7-53.Relay Emergency Valve
Air Hoses And Fittings
Servicing Air Brakes
Air-Hydraulic-Power Cylinder (Air Pak)
Air-Over-Hydraulic Brake Operation
Figure 7-61.Air-Hydraulic Power Cylinder (Air-Pak) During Operation
Chapter 8 Automotive Chassis And Body
Integrated Frame And Body (Monocoque)
Frame Maintenance
Suspension Systems
Figure 8-6.Independent Suspension
Suspension System Components
Figure 8-8.Double-Acting, Direct-Action Type Shock Absorber
Figure 8-9.Exploded And Cutaway Views Of A Strut Assembly
Stabilizer Bar
Leaf Spring
Figure 8-12.Multileaf Spring
Figure 8-13.Auxiliary Spring
Suspension System Service
Figure 8-17.Support Points For Checking Ball Joints In Front Suspension System Using Torsion Bars
Shock Absorber Service
Spring Service
Steering Linkage
Steering Ratio
Worm And Roller
Rack And Pinion
Power Steering Systems
Integral Piston (Linkage Type)
External Cylinder (Linkage Type)
Figure 8-28.Power Steering Gearbox
Steering System Maintenance
Rack-And-Pinion Service
Power Steering System Service
Power Steering Pressure Test
Hard Steering
Radial Ply Tire
Tire Markings
Load Index And Speed Rating
Wheels
Lug Nuts, Studs, And Bolts
Wheel Bearing And Hub Assembly
Driving Wheel Assembly
Preventive Maintenance
Wheel Balancing
Figure 8-45.Bubble Balancer
Tire Impact Damage
Tire And Wheel-Bearing Noise
Figure 8-48.Caster Angle
Camber
Steering Axis Inclination
Toe-Out On Turns
Turning Radius Gauges
Tram Gauge
Body Tools
Removing Dents
Figure 8-64 Arrow Indicated Direction Metal Must Move To Return To Original Contour
Replacing Sheet Metal
Preparing The Surface For Painting
Painting
Identification Markings
Figure 8-68.Proper Operation Of A Spray Gun.