Utilitiesman Basic Volume 02 - Manual for electric, plumbing, water and other utilities
Boiler Design Requirements
Water Tube Boilers
Scotch Marine Boiler
Vertical-Tube Boiler
Horizontal Return Tubular Boiler
Firebox Boiler
Chimneys, Draft Fans, And Breechings
Fusible Plugs
Figure 1-7.Typical Water Columns
Table 1-1.Operation Of A Boiler Circuit
Safety Valve
Steam Injector Feed System
Boiler Accessories
Table 1-2.Boiler Accessories, Its Location, And Function
Table 1-2.Boiler Accessories, Its Location, And Functioncontinued
Pressure Regulating Control
Figure 1-16 Pressure Regulator
Combustion Control
Flame Failure And Operational Controls
Steam Flowmeters
Figure 1-23 Flowmeter
Figure 1-24 Airflow Mechanism Of A Boiler Air Flowmeter
Water Impurities
Scale
Methods Of Treatment
Test For Hardness
Figure 1-30 General Laboratory Equipment
Test For Phosphate
Test For Tannin
Test For Caustic Alkalinity (Oh) With Tannin
Test For Sodium Sulfite
Test For Ph
Test For Total Dissolved Solids
Cleaning Boiler Firesides And Watersidex
Cleaning Procedures
Mechanical Cleaning
Chemical Cleaning
Safety Precautions
Acid Cleaning Procedures
Figure 1-36.Acid Cleaning By Fill-And-Soak Method
Summary
Figure 2-2.Typical Water Column For Low-Pressure Boiler.
Gauge Glass Replacement
Steam Injector Maintenance
Handhole And Manhole Gasket Maintenance
Hydrostatic Tests
Composition Of Boiler Tubes
Renewing Tubes
Cleaning Tubes
Preparing Tube Sheets
Figure 2-11.Expanding A Tube.
Belling Tubes
Figure 2-14.Removing Plug From Economizer Element.
Repairing Boiler Refractories
Inspecting The Boiler
Figure 2-20.Front Head Open-Gas-Fired Cb 125-150-200
Figure 2-21.Furnace Liner Refractory125-150-200 Hp
Note
Boiler Operations
General Procedures
Operating Procedures
Normal Operation
Securing Procedures
Securing Procedures
Safety
Safety Precautions
Unsafe Practices
Lockout Devices
Figure 2-23.Multiple Lock Adapters
Lockout Procedures
Chapter 3 Steam Distribution Systems
Aboveground Systems
Interior Steam Distribution Systems
Two-Pipe Vapor System With A Return Trap
Figure 3-6.A Two-Pipe Vapor System With A Return Trap
Two-Pipe Vapor System With A Condensate Pump
Two-Pipe Vapor System With A Vacuum Pump And A Condensate Return
Steam Distribution System Components
Radiator Air Vents
Bucket Trap
Figure 3-14.A Float Thermostatic Trap
Pointers On Operating Procedures
Steam Trap Tests
Water Tanks
Temperature Regulators
Expansion Joints
Summary
Figure 4-1.Comparison Of Fahrenheit And Celsius Thermometers
Heat Transfer
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Unit Heaters
Electric Heaters And Installation
Figure 4-6.Gas-Fired Panel Space Heaters
Oil-Fired Space Heaters
Figure 4-9.Low Fire Flame
Figure 4-12.Space Heaters Installed In Series
Unit Heater Maintenance
Gravity System
Figure 4-17.Gas-Fired Vertical Warm-Air Furnace
Figure 4-19.Air Diffuser Distribution
Gas-Fired Furnaces
Figure 4-21.A Typical Gravity Warm-Air Heating System (Individual Duct).
Basic Components
Gas Burners And Controls
Figure 4-26.Bunsen Type Of Burner
Figure 4-28.A Gas Pressure Regulator
Figure 4-30.A Recycling Solenoid Valve
Oil-Fired Furnaces
Figure 4-35.An Electric Switch Type Of Relay.
Figure 4-37.Cutaway View Of A Typical Oil-Fired Furnace
Figure 4-39.High-Pressure Gun Type Of Oil Burner
Figure 4-42.A Horizontal-Rotary Oil Burner.
Figure 4-43.Typical Forced Warm-Air Control System
Figure 4-45.Bimetallic Strips: A. Typical Strip; B. Expansion Of The Strip; C. With Electrical Switch
Figure 4-46.Various Types Of Bimetallic Strips
Figure 4-48.Schematic Of A Remote-Bulb Device
Furnace Installation
Figure 4-51.Typical Smoke Pipe (Flue) Installation.
Maintenance Of Fuel Oil Systems
Steam-Atomizing And Air-Atomizing Burners
Oil-Burner Maintenance
Flame Adjustment
Fuel Pump
Domestic Hot-Water Heating And Hot-Water Boilers
Steel Hot-Water Boilers
Operation Of Hot-Water Boilers
Pressure Gauge
Gravity Systems
One-Pipe, Closed-Tank System
Forced-Circulation Systems
Radiators
Unit Heaters
Special Flow Fittings
Types Of Hthw Systems
Figure 4-75.A Typical Cascade Heater Spray Nozzle Head
Mechanical Gas Cushion
Piping System Installation
Chapter 5 Galley And Laundry Equipment
Steam Chests
Steam Tables
Dishwashers
Figure 5-5.A Cutaway View Of A Double-Tank Automatic Dishwasher
Ranges
Field Range
Interceptors And Grease Traps
Laundry Equipment
Washer
Figure 5-10.Washer
Maintenance And Repair
Extractor
Tumbler
Maintenance And Repair
Steam Generator
Figure 5-15.Rear View Of Tumbler
Figure 5-16.Flow Diagram Of The Water And Steam Circuit In A Generator
Preventive Maintenance And Repair
Figure 5-19.Operating Controls And Component Identification Of Clayton Steam Generator, Model Ro-33.Pl, Front View
Figure 5-20.Operating Controls And Component Indentification Of Clayton Steam Generator, Model Ro-33-Pl, Rear View
Figure 5-22.Water Pump Discharge Snubber
Figure 5-23.Ring Thermostat Control
Residential Washing Machines
Figure 5-25.Fuel Pressure Switch.
Figure 5-26.Automatic Blowdown Valve.
Figure 5-27.A Typical Automatic Residential Washer
Water Level Sensing Switch
Figure 5-31.A Water Level Sensor Scheme: A. Water Level Below The Set Point On The Sensor; B. Water Level At The Set Point
Residential Clothes Dryers
Installation
Troubleshooting
Measurement Of Heat
Specific Heat
Day Ton Of Refrigeration
Scale Relationships
Vaporization
Figure 6-9.Pressure Temperature Chart.
Mechanical Refrigeration Systems
Figure 6-14.Refrigeration Cycle
Components
Figure 6-16.An External Stationary Bellows Crankshaft Seal.
Figure 6-20.Air-Cooled Condenser Mounted On A Compressor Unit.
Liquid Receiver
Control Devices
Figure 6-22A. Thermostatic Expansion Valve; B. Automatic Expansion Valve
Accessory Devices
Figure 6-26.Pressure-Actuated Motor Control
Pressure Control Switches
Figure 6-30.Pressure Type Cut-In, Cutout Control Switch
R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane (Cci,F,)
R-22 Monochlorodifluoromethane (Chcif)
Refrigerant Safety
Refrigeration Equipment
Walk-In Refrigerators
Single Door Fresh Food Refrigerator
Two-Door Refrigerator-Freezer Combination
Figure 6-40.Storage Type Of Water Cooler
Effects Of Moisture
Location Of Equipment
Figure 6-44.The Defrost Cycle Of An Ice Cube Machine.
Figure 6-45.A Low-Temperature Screw Or Helix Compressor System
Multiple Compressors
Figure 6-47.Parallel Compressors With Separate Condensers
Summary
Maintenance, Service, And Repair Of Refrigeration Equipment
Transferring Refrigerants
Evacuating And Charging A System
Refrigerant Leaks
Electronic Leak Detector
Recovery, Recycling, And Reclaiming Refrigerant
Figure 6-56.Three-Way Service Valve Positions
Figure 6-58.The Liquid Recovery Method
Removing Expansion Or Float Valves
Replacing An Evaporator
Shaft Bellows Seal
Compressor Lubrication
Maintenance Of Motors
Electrical Defects
Grounds
Troubleshooting Refrigeration Equipment
Summary
Summary
Dew-Point Temperature
Relationship Of Wet-Bulb, Dry-Bulb, And Dew-Point Temperatures
Circulation Of Air
Air-Conditioning Systems
Self-Contained Air Conditioning Units
Figure 7-8.Air-Handling Components Of A Package Type Of Room Air Conditioner
Heat Pumps
Cooling Cycle
Chilled Water Systems
Figure 7-13.Rotary Screw Compressor Unit
Types Of Coolers
Water Cooled Condensers
Cleaning Water Cooled Condensers
Figure 7-18.Cleaning Water-Cooled Condensers With Acid Solution
Coil Cleaning
Fan Motors
Fan Bearing Lubrication
Seasonal Shutdown
Safety Warnings
Figure 7-19.A Package Tower With A Remote, Variable Speed Pump.
Induced Draft
Forced Draft
Compressors
Figure 7-22.High-Speed (36,000 Rpm) Single-Stage Centrifugal Chiller.
Figure 7-24.Small Semisealed Compressor
Rotary Compressors
Figure 7-27.Rotary Compressor: A. Part Identification; B. Operation
Centrifugal Compressors
Refrigerant-Flow Controllers
Motor Overload Protectors
Step Controller
Automotive Air Conditioning
Automotive Compressors
Compressor Service Valves
Suction Pressure-Regulating Valves
Service Precautions
System Visual Inspection
Cleaning A Badly Contaminated Refrigerant System
System Cleaning And Flushing
Truck And Bus Air Conditioning
Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, And Refrigeration Certification
Types Of Duct Systems
Diffusers, Grilles, And Registers
Fire Dampers
Balancing The System