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Ceiling Framing
Figure  1-63.Stub  joists.

Builder 3&2 Volume 02 - Construction manual for building structures
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Figure 1-60.—Ceiling frame tying exterior walls together. JOISTS Joists are the most important framing members of the ceiling. Their size, spacing, and direction of travel are  given  on  the  floor  plan.  As  mentioned  earlier,  the spacing between ceiling joists is usually 16 inches OC, although 24-inch spacing is also used. The size of a ceiling joist is determined by the weight it carries and the  span  it  covers  from  wall  to  wall.  Refer  to  the blueprints  and  specifications  for  size  and  OC  spacing. Although it is more convenient to have all the joists running in the same direction, plans sometimes call for different  sets  of  joists  running  at  right  angles  to  each other. Interior  Support One end of a ceiling joist rests on an outside wall. The other end often overlaps an interior bearing partition or girder. The overlap should be at least 4 inches. Ceiling joists  are  sometimes  butted  over  the  partition  or  girder. In   this   case,   the   joists   must   be   cleated   with   a 3/4-inch-thick plywood board, 24 inches long, or an 18-gauge  metal  strap,  18  inches  long. Ceiling  joists  may  also  butt  against  the  girder, supported by joist hangers in the same manner as floor joists. Roof  Rafters Whenever possible, the ceiling joists should run in the same direction as the roof rafters. Nailing the outside end of each ceiling joist to the heel of the rafter as well as to the wall plates (fig. 1-61) strengthens the tie between  the  outside  walls  of  the  building. A building maybe designed so that the ceiling joists do not run parallel to the roof rafters. The rafters are therefore pushing out on walls not tied together by ceiling joists. In this case, 2 by 4 pieces are added to run Figure  1-61.—Nailing  of  ceiling  joists. 1-35







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