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Girders  
Floor Joists

Builder 3&2 Volume 02 - Construction manual for building structures
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Figure  1-14.—Spaced  wood  girders. joints between the planks are staggered. In framing, a built-up girder is placed so that the joints on the outside of  the  girder  fall  directly  over  a  post.  Three  16-penny (16d) nails are driven at the ends of the planks, and other nails  are  staggered  32  inches  OC.  As  shown  in  figure 1-13, the top of the girder is flush with the top sill plate. When space is required for heat ducts in a partition supported on a girder, a spaced wood girder, such as that shown in figure 1-14, is sometimes necessary. Solid blocking is used at intervals between the two members. A  single-post  support  for  a  spaced  girder  usually requires  a  bolster,  preferably  metal,  with  a  sufficient span  to  support  the  two  members. The ends of a girder often rest in pockets prepared in a concrete wall (fig. 1-13). Here, the girder ends must bear at least 4 inches on the wall, and the pocket should be large enough to provide a 1/2-inch air space around the  sides  and  end  of  the  girder.  To  protect  against termites, treat the ends of the girder with a preservative. As a further precaution, line the pockets with metal. Steel S-beams  (standard)  or  W-beams  (wide  flange),  both shown in figure 1-15, are most often used as girders in wood-framed  construction.  Whether  the  beam  is  wood or steel, make sure it aligns from end to end and side to side. Also make sure the length of the bearing post under the girder is correct to ensure the girder is properly supported. PLACING POSTS AND GIRDERS Posts must be cut to length and set up before the girders can be installed. The upper surface of the girder may be in line with the foundation plate sill, or the girder ends may rest on top of the walls. Long girders must be Figure 1-15—Types of steel beams. 1-7







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