head joint. After bedding the brick, cut off the excess mortar and use it to start the next end joint. Throw any surplus mortar back on the mortar board where it can be restored to workability.

Figure 4-12 shows how to insert a brick into a space left in a wall. First, spread a thick bed of mortar (view 1), and then shove the brick into the wall space (view 2) until mortar squeezes out of all four joints (view 3). This way, you know that the joints are full of mortar at every point.

To make a cross joint in a header course, spread the bed joint mortar several brick widths in advance. Then spread mortar over the face of the header brick

Figure 4-12. - Inserting a brick in a wall space.

Figure 4-13. - Making a cross joint in a header course.

before placing it in the wall (fig. 4-13, view 1). Next, shove the brick into place, squeezing out mortar at the top of the joint. Finally, cut off the excess mortar, as shown in view 2.

Figure 4-14 shows you how to lay a closure brick in a header course. First, spread about 1 inch of mortar on the sides of the brick already in place (view 1), as well as on both sides of the closure brick (view 2). Then lay the closure brick carefully into position without disturbing the brick already laid (view 3). If you do disturb any adjacent brick, cracks will form between the brick and the mortar, allowing moisture to penetrate the wall. You should place a closure brick for a