still hard and very slippery. This is why nonskid paints are used so extensively.

Wood is the preferred floor material; however, it is the most expensive. Tile floors have become popular recently due to their low initial cost and ease of replacement. Some caution should be exercised in specifying the exact type of tile due to solvents and other inherent damaging effects when used in a shop.

Walls and Ceilings

The WALLS should be made of CMU, tile, or other material that can be easily cleaned and very durable. Windows should be placed as high up in the walls as possible to let natural light in. As a general rule, windows are required to be placed a minimum of 54 inches from the floor. If you want to put an acoustical plaster or other soundproof material on the walls, be sure it is a minimum of 5 feet from the floor. CEILING heights for a shop should be at least 12 feet high. Although cost will be a definite factor, acoustical material or treatment is highly recommended for the ceiling.

Office Space

You will also need space for an office. As a rule, try to locate the office in an area of the shop where you will be least disturbed by noise. The shop layout plan should make provision for a bulletin board upon which safety posters, maintenance posters, instructions and notices, plan-of-the-day, and such other information may be posted, as appropriate.

The bulletin board should be located in a prominent place in the shop, preferably near the entrance where personnel will be likely to pass during the day. If necessary, artificial lighting should be provided so that material on the bulletin board can be easily read. The material posted on the bulletin board should be changed frequently, expired notices promptly removed, current plan-of-the-day posted early, and posters and other material rotated periodically.

MILLWORKING

MILLWORK is shaped items of wood that are made, in most cases, from well seasoned kiln-dried lumber (4 to 9 percent moisture content) that requires manufacturing. Most millwork products are used in the interior of buildings and is installed by finish carpenters. However, the Builders do various types of construction and the need to understand millwork concepts and construction techniques associated with millwork is essential.

Millworking not only includes interior trim products but, casework, doors, kitchen and bathroom cabinets, window frames and sashes, stairs, furniture, specialized items made to order, and woodwork that is turned. The majority of the millwork in the construction industry is constructed and sold by two methods:

Setup millwork which is assembled and ready to be installed with minimal or no fitting, such as prehung doors, molding, cabinets, and so on.

Knocked-down millwork which is assembled by the Builder on the jobsite, such as window frames, doorframes, flooring products, some furniture units, stairs and accessories, and so on.

Most products are produced in a manufacturing mill or plant and are ready to be installed by fastening to the wall or floor. If the need arises for you to install these types of products, refer to the manufacturer's instructions and/or the plans and specifications.

As the Builder in charge of a shop, you and your crew will be tasked at times to make plaques, flag cases, bookcases, shelving units, and cabinets. Many of these projects you are tasked with will be nothing more than an idea and you will be required to interpret by sketching their idea on paper and developing this idea into a workable drawing.

In the previous BU training manual (TRAMAN), you learned the basic concepts of drawings, interior and exterior trim, and casework mentioned in this section. However, with the large scope of products and changing technology, these products could not be covered sufficiently due to time and space constraints. The next section will cover designing, constructing, and installing millwork products. CABINETMAKING Cabinetmaking is primarily used in interior finish carpentry, such as furniture, kitchens, bathrooms, and casework. A&E firms, Builders, or cabinetmakers that specialize in cabinetry, usually plan their cabinetwork