Structural load-bearing tile is made from 4- to 12-inch thicknesses with various face dimensions. The use of these tiles is restricted by building codes and specifications, so consult the project specification.

Nonload-bearing partition walls from the 4- to 12-inch thicknesses are frequently made of structural clay tile. These walls are easily built, light in weight, and have good heat-and-sound insulating properties.

Figure 4-23 shows the use of structural clay tile as a back unit for a brick wall.

Figure 4-24 shows the use of 8- by 5- by 12-inch tile in wall construction. Exposure of the open end of the tile can be avoided by the application of a thin tile, called a SOAP, at the corner.

STONE MASONRY

Stone masonry units consist of natural stone. In RUBBLE stone masonry, the stones are left in their

Figure 4-23. - Structural tile used as a backing for bricks.

Figure 4-24. - Eight-inch structural clay tile wall.

natural state without any kind of shaping. In ASHLAR masonry, the faces of stones that are to be placed in surface positions are squared so that the surfaces of the finished structure will be more or less continuous plane surfaces. Both rubble and ashlar work may be either RANDOM or COURSED.

Random rubble is the crudest of all types of stonework. Little attention is paid to laying the stones in courses, as shown in figure 4-25. Each layer must contain bonding stones that extend through the wall, as shown in figure 4-26. This produces a wall that is well tied together. The bed joints should be horizontal for stability, but the "builds" or head joints may run in any direction.

Coursed rubble consists of roughly squared stones assembled in such a manner as to produce

Figure 4-25. - Random rubble stone masonry,

Figure 4-26. - Layers of bond in random stone masonry.