Figure 8-36. - Cap and fender pile for bulkhead.

Backfilling to the bulkhead will then begin. The first backfilling operation will consist of filling over the anchorage out to the sloping dotted line. The turnbuckles on the tie rods will then be set up to bring the bulkhead plumb. Then the remaining fill, out to the bulkhead, will be put in. Finally, outside the bulkhead, the bottom will be dredged to a depth of 30 feet.

As shown in figure 8-36 the fender piles will be fitted with a timber cap to make it possible for the ships to come alongside the bulkhead. These piles, installed at proper intervals, will provide protection against the impact of ships and will protect the hulls of ships from undue abrasion.

WHARFAGE STRUCTURES

Wharfage structures are designed to allow ships to dock alongside then for loading and discharge. Figure 8-37 shows various plan views of wharfage structures. Any of these may be constructed of fill material, supported by bulkheads. However, a pier or marginal wharf usually consists of a timber, steel, or concrete superstructure, supported on a substructure of timber, steel, or concrete pile bents.

Working drawings for advanced-base piers are contained in the

Facilities Planning Guide, vol- ume 1, NAVFAC P-437. Figures 8-38, 8-39, and 8-26

Figure 8-37. - Types of wharfage structures.