Figure 3-16. - Caulking cast-iron joints.

the center of the hub, as shown in view A, figure 3-16. As shown in view B, figure 3-16, use packing (yarning) irons (1 and 2, fig. 3-17), and pack a layer of spun or twisted oakum into the hub completely around the joint. Repeat with more layers until the hub is packed to about 1 inch from the top. Compress the oakum thoroughly to make a solid bed for the lead and to prevent leakage of the joint. With a plumber's ladle (2, fig. 3-15), pour melted lead carefully into the joint until it rises slightly above the top rim of the hub (fig. 3-18). Dip up enough lead with the ladle to make the joint in one pouring. Allow a minute or two for the lead to harden.

CAUTION

To avoid using a wet ladle to dip the hot lead, you must heat the ladle. Remember, moisture causes hot lead to spatter out of the melting pot. Always wear protective clothing, face shield, and gloves when working with hot lead.

Figure 3-17. - Packing and caulking irons.