Figure 10-34. - An LA1 launching angle.

Figure 10-35. - 6 x30, 400-ton pontoon dry dock.

are made up into strings, launched, and joined in the water the same as with other structures. However, before pontoon string construction, dry dock drawings should be prepared in detail to show the type and the location of parts, together with field erection information. It is important to make available the applicable drawings of the dry dock to be erected at all times during the initial construction stage. This will ensure that parts are properly located, positioned, and secured and will facilitate erection during the final stage.

ELEVATED CAUSEWAY SECTIONS

The elevated causeway pier facility (ELCAS) provides a link between lighterage and the beach by bridging the surf zone. The standard ELCAS consists of six 3x15 approach or roadway sections and six 3x15 pierhead sections (fig. 10-36). The pierhead is two sections wide by three sections long. Since the facility is modular, it may be expanded by enlarging the pierhead and/or adding approach sections. The basic component of the ELCAS is the 3 x 15 intermediate causeway section that is converted to the elevating mode by the addition of spudwells. Spudwells provide the attachment between the causeway deck and the supporting piling. Internal spudwells (fig. 10-37) are used where the full width of the causeway section is required for traffic and to support the fender piles along the fender side of the pierhead. The internal spudwell incorporates four grooved connection pins that are inserted into four receiver boxes attached to the side of the causeway. Two guillotines are lowered into the pin grooves behind the receiver boxes to secure the spudwell to the section. A steel-angled locking key is used to lock the guillotine into place. External spudwells (fig. 10-38)