Figure 3-38. - Cuttiug order for splitting a beam.

views 1 and 2, or it may cover only the portions of the piece that contain holes or cuts, as shown in views 3 and 4. When holes, cuts, and bends are to be made in a finished piece, pilot holes, punch marks, and notches in the template should correspond exactly to the desired location in the finished piece. Templates for short members and plates are made of template paper of the same size as the piece to be fabricated. Templates for angles are folded longitudinal] y, along the line of the heel of the angle (fig. 3-39, view 3).

Accurate measurements in making templates should be given careful attention. Where a number of parts are to be produced from a template, the use of inaccurate measurements in making the template obviously would mean that all parts produced from it will also be wrong.

Template paper is a heavy cardboard material with a waxed surface. It is well adapted to scribe and divider marks. A combination of wood and template paper is sometimes used to make templates. The use of wood or metal is usually the best choice for templates that will be used many times.

For long members, such as beams, columns, and truss members, templates cover only the connections. These templates may be joined by a wooden strip to ensure accurate spacing (fig. 3-39, views 1 and 2).

They may also be handled separately with the template for each connection being clamped to the member after spacing, aligning, and measuring.

In making templates, the same layout tools discussed earlier in this chapter are used. The only exception is that for marking lines, a pencil or Patternmaker's knife is used. When punching holes in a template, keep in mind that the purpose of the holes is to specify location, not size. Therefore, a punch of a single diameter can be used for all holes. Holes and cuts are made prominent by marking with paint.

Each template is marked with the assembly mark of the piece it is to be used with, the description of the material, and the item number of the stock material to be used in making the piece.

In laying out from a template, it is important that the template be clamped to the material in the exact position. Holes are center punched directly through the holes in the template (fig. 3-40), and all cuts are marked. After the template is removed, the marks for cuts are made permanent by rows of renter punch marks.

It is important that each member or individual piece of material be given identifying marks to