working loads of 20 pounds per square foot load, plus the dead load, and the load from a 70 mph wind.

The building can be easily modified to varying lengths and purposes by taking out or adding bays or by substituting various foundation and wall sections. A bay is the distance between two column centers or between the end wall and the first column center in from the end wall.

Formulas used to determine the number of bays, frames, and intermediate frames in a building are as follows:

Length divided by 20= number of bays

Bays + 1 = total number of frames

Total number of frames -2 = number of intermediate frames

PRE-ERECTION WORK

Extensive pre-erection work is required before you start the actual erection of a building. After the building site is located and laid out by the Engineering Aids, it will then be cleared and leveled by Equipment Operators. Batter boards are set up in pairs where each comer of the foundation is located. Builders fabricate the forms for concrete while Steelworkers are cutting, bending, tying, and placing reinforcing steel. If this particular building requires underslab utilities (that is, plumbing and electrical service), the Utilitiesman and Construction Electricians will also be on the jobsite. Last, all underslab work must be completed and pass all Quality Control inspections before concrete is placed and finished.

Most importantly (as far as ease of erection is concerned), before the concrete is placed, templates for the anchor bolts are attached to the forms, and the anchor bolts are inserted through the holes in each. Next, the forms are tied to make sure they remain vertical. It must be stressed at this point that the proper placement of the anchor bolts is absolutely critical in the erection of a P.E.B. You will only have a tolerance of plus or minus one eighth of an inch to work with. The threads of the bolts are greased, and the nuts are placed on them to protect the threads. Concrete is poured into the formwork and worked carefully into place around these bolts, so they will remain vertical and in place. Finally, according to the plans and specifications, the slab is poured.

While the foundation is being prepared, the crew leader will assign personnel/crews to perrform various types of preliminary work, such as uncrating and inventorying all material on the shipping list, bolting up rigid-frame assemblies, assembling door eaves, and glazing windows. Box 1 contains the erection manual, the drawings, and an inventory list and should be opened first. If all of the preliminary work is done correctly, the assembly and erection of the entire building is accomplished easily and quickly.

All material, except the sheeting, should be uncrated and laid out in an order] y manner, so the parts can be located easily. Do not uncrate the sheeting until you are ready to install it. When opening the crates, use care not to cause any undue damage to the lumber. This is important since the lumber can be used for sawhorses and various other items around the jobsite.

In most situations, after the building foundation has been prepared, building materials should be placed around the building site new the location where they will be used (fig. 8-2). This action provides the greatest accessibility during assembly.

Girts, purlins, cave struts, and brace rods should be equally divided along both sides of the foundation.

Figure 8-2. - Material layout