specifications, an overhaul of the system will be required.

For instructions on the removal/installation and overhaul of the rack-and-pinion system, refer to the manufacturer's service manual for the equipment you are repairing.

Power Steering System Service

Many of the components of a power steering system are the same as those used on a manual steering system. However, a pump, hoses, a power piston, and a control valve are added. These components can also fail. requiring repair or replacement. Power steering system service typically consists of the following:

Checking power steering fluid level

Checking belts and hoses

Checking the system for leaks

Pressure testing the system

Bleeding the system

CHECKING POWER STEERING FLUID. - To check the level of the power steering fluid, you should NOT let the engine run. With the parking brake set, place the transmission in either PARK or NEUTRAL. Basic procedures for checking the level of the power steering fluid are as follows:

Unscrew and remove the cap to the power steering reservoir. The cap will normally have a dipstick attached.

Wipe off the dipstick and reinstall the cap. Remove the cap and inspect the level of the fluid on the dipstick. Most dipsticks will have HOT and COLD markings. Make sure you read the correct marking on the dipstick.

NOTE

The fluid level will rise on the dipstick as the steering system warms.

If required, only add enough fluid to reach the correct mark on the dipstick. Automatic transmission fluid is commonly used in a power steering system. Some power steering systems, however, do NOT use automatic transmission fluid and require a special power steering fluid. Always refer to the manufacturer's service for the correct type of fluid for your system.

CAUTION

Do NOT overfill the system. Overfilling will cause fluid to spray out the top of the reservoir and onto the engine and other components.

SERVICING POWER STEERING HOSES AND BELT. - Always inspect the condition of the hoses and the belt very carefully.

The hoses are exposed to tremendous pressures; if a hose ruptures, a sudden and dangerous loss of power assist occurs. Make sure that the hose is NOT rubbing on moving or hot components. This can cause hose failure.

CAUTION

Power steering pump pressure can exceed 1,000 psi. This is enough pressure to cause serious eye injury. Wear eye protection when working on a power steering system.

If it is necessary to replace a power steering hose, use a flare nut or tubing wrench. This action will prevent you from stripping the nut. When starting a new hose fitting, use your hand. This action will prevent cross threading. Always tighten the hose fitting properly.

A loose power steering belt can slip, causing belt squeal and erratic or high steering effort. A worn or cracked belt may break during operation, which would cause a loss of power assist.

When it is necessary to tighten a power steering belt, do NOT pry on the side of the power steering pump. The thin housing on the pump can easily be dented and ruined. ONLY pry on the reinforced flanged or a recommended point.

The basic procedures for installing a power steering belt are as follows:

Loosen the bolts that hold the power steering pump to its brackets.

Push inward on the pump to release tension on the belt. With the tension removed, slide the belt from the pulley.

Obtain a new belt and install it in reverse order. Remember when adjusting belt tension to specifications, only pry on the reinforced flange or a recommended pry point.

POWER STEERING LEAKS. - A common problem with power steering systems is fluid leakage. With pressure over 1,000 psi, leaks can develop easily