OFFSHOREOffshore structures include breakwaters andjetties. They are alike in construction and differmainly in function.Breakwaters and JettiesIn an offshore barrier, the breakwater interruptsthe action of the waves of open water to create an areaof calm water between it and the shore. A jetty worksto direct and confine a current or tidal flow into aselected channel.The simplest type of breakwater or jetty is therubble mound (also called rock mound). An exampleis shown in figure 10-22. The width of its cap may varyfrom 15 to 70 feet. The width of its base depends onthe width of the cap, height of the structure, and slopeof the inner and outer faces.Figure 10-24.-Caisson breakwater/jetty.Rubble-mound breakwaters or jetties areconstructed by dumping rock from either barges orrailcars (running on temporary pile-bent structures)and by placing upper rock and cap rock with floatingcranes.Figure 10-22.-Rubble-mound breakwater/jetty.Figure 10-23.-Composite breakwater/jetty.10-12
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