Figure 10-28.-Two types of tie-rod anchorages for bulkheads.of the tie rods are anchored by means of a channelwale.In the figure, the construction sequence beginswhen the shore and bottom are first excavated to thelevel of the long, sloping dotted line. The sheet pilesfor the bulkhead and the anchorage are then driven.The supporting piles for the tie rods are driven next,after which the tie rods between the bulk and theanchorage are set in place and the wales are bolted on.The tie rods are prestressed lightly and uniformly, andthe backfilling then begins.The first backfilling operation consists of placingfill over the anchorage, out to the dotted line shown inthe plan. The turnbuckles on the tie rods are then setto bring the bulkhead plumb, and the rest of thebackfill is worked out to the bulkhead. After thebackfilling is completed, the bottom outside thebulkhead is dredged to the desired depth.WHARFAGEAs mentioned earlier, wharfage structures allowvessels to lie alongside for loading or unloading.Moles and jetties are the most typical forms.Figure 10-29.-Working drawings for a steel sheet pilebulkhead.Moles and JettiesA mole is simply a breakwater that serves as awharfage structure. The only difference is that its inneror harbor face must be vertical and its top mustfunction as a deck. In a similar way, jetties also serveas wharfage structures.BELOW THE WATER TABLEWhen construction is carried on below thegroundwater level, or when underwater structures likeseawalls, bridge piers, and the like, are erected, it isusually necessary to temporarily keep the water out ofthe construction area. This is typically done with wellpoints, cofferdams, or caissons.Well PointsWell points are long pipes thrust into the grounddown to the level at which the water must be excluded.10-15
Integrated Publishing, Inc. - A (SDVOSB) Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business
