Figure 4-25.-Out-swinging casement sash.Sash may be divided into a number of lights (glasspanes or panels) by small wood members calledmuntins. Some manufacturers provide preassembleddividers, which snap in place over a single light,dividing it into six or eight lights. This simplifiespainting and other maintenance.Assembled frames are placed in the rough openingover strips of building paper put around the perimeter tominimize air infiltration. The frame is plumbed andnailed to side studs and header through the casings orthe blind stops at the sides. Where nails are exposed,such as on the casing, use the corrosion-resistant type.Hardware for double-hung windows includes thesash lifts that are fastened to the bottom rail. These aresometimes eliminated by providing a finger groove inthe rail. Other hardware consists of sash lockss orfasteners located at the meeting rail. They lock thewindow and draw the sash together to provide awind-tight fit.Double-hung windows can be arranged in a numberof ways—as a single unit, doubled (or mullion), or ingroups or three or more. One or two double-hungwindows on each side of a large stationary insulatedwindow are often used to create a window wall. Suchlarge openings must be framed with headers largeenough to carry roof loads.CASEMENT WINDOWSCasement windows consist of side-hinged sash,usually designed to swing outward (fig. 4-25). This typecan be made more weathertight than the in-swingingstyle. Screens are located inside these out-swingingwindows, and winter protection is obtained with a stormsash or by using insulated glass in the sash. One advan-tage of the casement window over the double-hung typeis that the entire window area can be opened forventilation.Weather stripping is also provided for this type ofwindow, and units are usually received from the factoryentirely assembled with hardware in place. Closinghardware consists of a rotary operator and sash lock. Asin the double-hung units, casement sash can be used ina number of ways—as a pair or in combinations of twoor more pairs. Style variations are achieved by dividedlights. Snap-in muntins provide a small, multiple-paneappearance for traditional styling.Metal sash is sometimes used but, because of low-insulating value, should be installed carefully to preventcondensation and frosting on the interior surfaces duringcold weather. A full storm-window unit is sometimesnecessary to eliminate this problem in cold climates.4-18
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